India Accuses Pakistan of Violating Indus Water Treaty Spirit Via Terrorism
India has accused Pakistan at the United Nations of violating the spirit of the Indus Water Treaty through persistent cross-border terrorism and obstructing infrastructure updates crucial for safety. India's Permanent Representative P Harish stated that despite "thousands of terrorist attacks," India has shown "extraordinary patience and magnanimity." This highlights ongoing tensions and India's firm stance on Pakistan's actions impacting bilateral agreements and regional stability concerns.
Unpacked:
The Indus Water Treaty, signed in 1960 between India and Pakistan, governs the distribution of the Indus River system's waters. It is seen as a rare example of cooperation between the two countries, allocating control over eastern rivers to India and western rivers to Pakistan. The treaty is vital for the agricultural and water security of both nations and is often cited as a successful water-sharing agreement.
India accuses Pakistan of blocking or delaying updates related to water infrastructure on rivers allocated to India, especially projects like dams or hydroelectric plants on the western rivers. These projects are permitted under the treaty for non-consumptive use, but Pakistan often raises objections due to concerns over water flow and security, causing disputes and delays.
Cross-border terrorism has led to heightened military tensions, diplomatic standoffs, and periodic violence, particularly in the Kashmir region. Notable incidents, such as the 2019 Pulwama attack and subsequent Balakot airstrike, have caused breakdowns in dialogue and trust, complicating cooperation on treaties and regional stability efforts.
India suspended the Indus Water Treaty in April 2025 after a terrorist attack, citing national security and Pakistan’s alleged support for terrorism. While both countries had previously threatened to review or suspend the treaty during crises, actual suspension is rare, highlighting the treaty’s resilience despite ongoing tensions.